The Impact of Communication Media on Economic Development

Generalization Definition

Generalization Definition Generalization is the ability to use skills that a student has learned in new and different environments. Whether those skills are  functional  or academic, once a skill is learned, it needs to be used in multiple settings. For typical children in a general education program, skills that they have learned in school are usually quickly used in new settings. Children with disabilities, however, often have difficulty transferring their skills to a different setting from the one in which it was learned. If they are taught how to count money using pictures, they may be unable to generalize the skill to real money. Even though a child may learn to decode letter sounds, if they are not expected to blend them into words, they may have difficulty transferring that skill to actual reading. Also Known  As:  Community-based  instruction, learning transfer. Examples:  Julianne knew how to add and subtract, but she had difficulty  generalizing  those skills to shopping for treats at the corner store. Applications and Learning Exercises Clearly, special educators need to be sure that they design instruction in ways that facilitate generalization. They may choose to: Teach in different settings in the school.Use real coins to teach money.Take students into the community and give them tasks that require that they use their skills. How about a scavenger hunt at a grocery store? There, you can have students find prices for products on the hunt list.Play store. It gives your students opportunities to read, to add and subtract with a calculator, and to make change and count mixed coins.

Gun control Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gun control - Assignment Example I feel that a more inquisitive process on the history of the buyer should be carried out to make sure that weapons do not land in the hands of malicious people. Guns are used to kill or injure people or animals. Buyers buy guns to protect themselves or threaten potential attackers (Cefrey 29). Weapons should be sold to people who live in dangerous neighborhoods or have threats from family or friends. Guns are dangerous weapons to own as they can push a mere argument, a moment of desperation or a child’s curiosity into a fatal situation. In nutshell guns cause more harm than good. The government should set very high standards for acquiring a gun. It would reduce the crime rates as research has shown that most of the shootings happening in the United States are caused by weapons being in the wrong hands. Therefore, the debate on whether having guns is good for protection or will cause more harm in the long run continues to show that guns are not the solution to protection and home

Psychology (personality and social psychology Essay

Psychology (personality and social psychology - Essay Example The three personality factors that were originally developed in the study of personality were (a)Neuroticism (b) Extraversion and (c) Openness to experience(Bell et al, 1972).. This was the original version of the Personality measurement Inventory that was referred to as the NEO (Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Inventory) Scale and was used as a part of studies conducted on ageing. Costa and McCrae (1985) examined competing personality theories and developed two additional traits. These two factors were Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Based upon this, they published their revised personality list which included all the five factors, ranking as equally important constituent elements of personality (Costa and McCrae, 1985). Moreover, each of these broad personality factors also comprised a set of separate dimensions within each. For example, the Neuroticism factor included such personality traits such as anxiety, depression, hostility, self consciousness, impulsiveness and vulnerability to stress. This was a reflection of the inner mental state of the individual. The extraversion factor is a personality measure of the degree of sociability in an individual’s personality. It comprises the qualities of warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking and positive emotion. The Openness personality factor comprises a range of internal attributes such as fantasy, feelings, ideas, actions, values and aesthetics. The Agreeableness factor developed by Costa and McCrae includes trust, straightforwardness, altruism, modesty, compliance and tender-mindedness. The last personality factor – Conscientiousness, includes the sub factors of Competence, order, dutifulness, self discipline, striving and achievement striving. Through an analysis of all of these major factors and the sub factors that comprise them, it is therefore possible to arrive at a detailed view of the

Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest Essay Example for Free

Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest Essay 1. What does the play say about marriage? The play says many things about marriage.   One is that marriage can be quite complicated when there is deceit even if the feelings involved are genuine.   Another is that there are so many trivial things that society considers â€Å"important† that disregards the true meaning of marriage.   Another is that parental consent and money still play an important role in matrimony. 2. What is the significance of the names? The word Earnest means sincere. However, the play showed how that sincerity is downplayed by the many trivial things that society expects from individuals.    Ms. Prism’s name is also significant because it was her character that finally shed light on the true background of Jack – who later became truly Earnest. 3. Suggest some of the things that Wilde is poking fun at in this play. Wilde made fun of the way women can be so assuming of relationships as can be seen with Cecily’s account of how she and Algy became engaged and how Gwendolyn fled from her mother to go to Jack.   The author also made fun of the way society can be deceived by many aspects of a person beside his true self (e.g. names and money).   This was especially evident in the way the name Earnest became so important that Algy and Jack had wanted to be re-baptized with it. Marriage was also funny because it gave too much importance on money and family background before it considers the true person. 4. What is your favorite character and why? I loved the character of Ms. Prism because at first she seemed to be only a minor character but in the end, the story actually centered on her misgivings.

Relationship Between Service Quality and Client Satisfaction

Relationship Between Service Quality and Client Satisfaction Clients: Satisfaction with the Service and Organizational Justice Researchers consider that the service quality theory is based on the literature of client satisfaction and product quality (Brady Cronin, 2001). Liljander and Strandvik (1995) observed that client satisfaction is determined by the overall perception of the service quality. This overall picture about service quality of the organization is reached easily if a client regularly uses service of the organization (Liljander Strandvik, 1995). Lagace, Dahlstrom, and Gassenheimer (1991) found that by including â€Å"ethics† as component of the quality of the relationship between pharmaceutical buyers and sellers, ethical behavior led to higher levels of relationship quality and ethical behavior has been positively associated with client satisfaction (Lagace, et.al., 1991). Also, the research conducted in bank sector by Emari, Iranzadeh and Bakhshayesh (2011) found a significant relationship between perceived quality and client satisfaction, and testing Gronroos three dimensions model – which consists from technical, functional and image, the research revealed that general perceptions of the service quality is influenced by the technical quality, in other words it is influenced by outcomes what one receives (Straiter, 2005). According to above mentioned, service quality evaluated by the client can be considered as related to their satisfaction level. Similarly, when considering the service quality gap between employees and clients, we assume that, service quality gap decreases the level of client satisfaction with the organization. We want to reveal the service quality gap relationship with client satisfaction with intellectual disability care centers: H2a: Higher is the gap in service quality evaluation lower is the relatives’ satisfaction with the organization (fig I). The relationship between service quality and client satisfaction has been reported to be different in terms of strength between industries as well as between contexts (Ame, 2005, 2009; Sureshchandar et.al. 2002). Accordingly, researchers consider that some factors must be responsible in influencing this relationship. These include, but not limited to, the type of industry studied, nature of service, income levels of client, management culture, client social culture, gender, etc, (Ame, 2005). The various empirical findings on studies about service quality and client satisfaction have suggested that relationships on these variables may be moderated by some factors. Client perceived justice is one of the popular factors among researches in the field of service. Liao (2007) confirmed client perceived justice mediation effects on client satisfaction and service recovery performance. Also the study conducted to determine the influence of emotions on justice for client satisfaction conducted by Ellyawati, Purwanto and Dharmmesta (2012) found that clients’ perceived justice impacts on clients’ satisfaction. According to the one of the Justice theories Equity Theory, the inequality can be observed when person perceives that he/she is putting more and is getting less value, and satisfaction much depends on how one perceives the justice, injustice can lead to dissatisfaction and anger (Adams, 1965). Clients’ perceptions of the input and output, and their perception about the fair distribution of resources, information etc. is expected to have a moderator role for their satisfaction. Accordingly we expect that organizational justic e perceived by the relatives of PIDs can moderate the relationship of service quality gap and relatives’ satisfaction with the center: H2b: Relatives perception of organizational justice moderates relationship between service quality gap and relatives satisfaction with the organization (fig I). We discussed the problems of ethic in service quality from the side of the employees and from the side of the client (relatives). However, the situation is getting more complex and critical especially when considering the primary goal of the organization oriented on mental health care: to increase the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities (PIDs). We review this aspect in the next section. PIDs: Quality of Life and Service Quality Evaluation The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Quality of Life (QoL) as â€Å"individuals’ perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns† (The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment WHOQOL, 1997, p. 1). We can say that QoL exists when one perceives that lives with dignity, feels that dreams and ideas are respected, and is an active handler and responsible of own life (Tamarit, 2002). QoL as usually includes subjective evaluations of positive and negative aspects of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment 1998). Generally it includes health perceptions at physical and mental level and their relations—including conditions, social support, etc. (Kindig, Booske Remington, 2010). Organizations that provide services to people with intellectual disabilities (PIDs) also contribute to developing their QoL (FEAPS, 2010), and are designed to care the QoL of individuals with intellectual disabilities (Martinez-Tur, Peirà ³, Moliner, Potocnik, 2010). These organizations are the basic sources of QoL for people with intellectual disabilities (Moliner, Gracia, Lorente, Martinez-Tur, 2013). Since QoL of PIDs is directly derived from service quality that is provided for them, we suppose that it can be affected by the ethical challenges in services; service provided from professionals includes dilemma: to whom it must be ethical – to PIDs or to relatives? As we mentioned above service quality perceived by relatives and service provided by employees is related to challenges since they have different standards about how service should be provided. Usually for the mental healthcare service organizations a relevant source of information is the relative of the PIDs; QoL of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities can be evaluated from professionals/employees or from relatives. Since information which comes from external subject is more objective it is more relevant to use family member as the main evaluators to assess QoL of PIDs (Moliner, et. al., 2013). When there is a gap in service quality and QoL is evaluated by the relatives we argue that it can have influence on th e level of QoL of PID. Therefore in order to improve quality for future development in mental care related services the assessment of QoL is an important tool (Moliner, et. al., 2013). Our next hypothesis aims to find out this relationship among gap and QoL: H3a: Higher is the gap in service quality evaluation lower is the quality of life of PIDs’ perceived by their relatives (fig I). Any attempt to judge the service quality provided by mental healthcare services would be less complete not considering the experiences of people who use the product and receiving the service. By finding out what service users think, important information can be obtained which can have impact on other factors (National Institute for Health Clinical Excellence, 2012). National Institute for health and care excellence (NICE) claims that past years are characterized with more initiatives highlighting the importance of considering the service user’s experience about the service quality. E.g. Lord Darzi’s report on High Quality Care for All (2008) focuses on the importance of the entire service user experience to ensure that they are in a safe and well-managed environment (Darzi, 2008). To understand how center is operating to deliver high service quality to direct users (PIDs) it is important to understand what users think about their care and treatment. Our last hypothesis stresses on the effect of PIDs perceived service quality that can moderate the service quality gap effect on their QoL: H3b: PIDs’ service quality evaluation moderates the relationship between service quality gap and PIDs’ quality of life perceived by their relatives (fig I). With the almost universal increase the involvement and support for mental healthcare services more concerns are about the responsibility of the agencies and professionals who provide such assistance (Roth, Fonagy, Parry, 1996), the QoL of people with intellectual disabilities becomes a very important question nowadays. Specifically, social, educational and health services are focusing on providing services to people with intellectual disabilities, and establishing this subject as a specific goal of the organizational in order to find new ways of developing a QoL in the future (Schalock Verdugo, 2007). These questions and hypothesis give opportunities to orient organizations’ activities in order to improve the service quality, mental health, satisfaction and QoL at the centers for intellectual disabilities.

Coca Cola Design and Branding Essay

The Coca-Cola contour bottle is one of the brand’s key icons and is the symbol of the brand’s authenticity. It was developed in 1916 to create a distinct identity for the brand in consumers’ minds and to protect the brand from being imitated by competitors. Today it represents the very essence of the brand’s identity in the marketplace and remains instrumental in differentiating the brand from all other competing products. The familiar shape of the Coca-Cola bottle and the flowing script of its trademark are the world’s most widely recognised commercial symbols. Coca-Cola is recognised by 94 percent of the earth’s population. The Coca-Cola trademark incorporates a number of elements which have become synonymous with the brand. These include: the Coca-Cola red and white graphics, Brand name written in the universally known Spencarian Script, the famous countour shape of the Coca-Cola bottle. Together, these elements are instrumental in differe ntiating Coca-Cola from all other competing brands. The packaging of a product serves a number of functions. At the most basic level, it contains and protects a product. However, packaging is also an important marketing tool. It is critical in describing a product, attracting consumer attention and differentiating the product from competitors. The Coca-Cola contour bottle is perhaps one of the most unique forms of product packaging. While it was originally introduced as a means of protecting the brand from imitation, it is now the most central part of the Coca-Cola brand identity. The bottle communicates the uniqueness, originality, superior refreshment and enduring values of the brand. A market research survey was carried out to examine consumers’ attitudes to the contour shape. In this survey, consumers described the contour bottle as communicating a variety of positive meanings. It was seen as: a symbol of the ultimate enjoyment and refreshment from Coca-Cola, possesing a sensual look and feel, a symbol of good times, universally known and universally accepted, a symbol which unites consumers around the world, an aesthetically beautiful symbol. So important is the contour shape in the marketplace, that it is now the core element of Coca-Cola’s consumer strategy. This has become known as the ‘Contourisation Strategy’. The objectives of this strategy are: 1. motivate consumers to purchase the Coca-Cola brand over other soft drink brands 2. maximise consumer enjoyment of the Coca-Cola product 3. create a distinct identity for Coca-Cola in the mind of the consumer. Good design makes good business sense, because it translates customer needs into the shape and form of the product or service and so enhance profitability. Design includes formalizing three particularly important issues: the concept, package and process implied by the design. The value of packaging is often seen as a paradox. Packaging plays an essential role in meeting consumer needs and preventing waste by effectively protecting product during delivery. The company is actively working throughout the Coca-Cola system to create solutions by advancing a global sustainable packaging strategy aimed at preventing waste over the life of their packaging. The company’s focus is on eliminating all raw material, energy and water losses across the entire packaging process chain-from the initial resources used to make a package through to the consumer and beyond. Today company’s goals focus on four priority areas foe effectively preventing waste: optimizing packaging effeciency, increasing renewable resource use, recovering packages for reuse and increasing recycled material use. With the issues of environmental protection becoming more important, both process and product/service designers have to take account of ‘green’ issues. The Coca-Cola company strive to be the most environmentally efficient user of high-quality, consumer-preferred packaging in the beverage industry. Their packaging innovation teams continually explore new ways to reduce the amount of material and energy used in their packaging without sacrificing quality or transferring waste. All of their major packages have seen significant material reductions since their initial introductions. In 2008, the Coca-Cola system made progress in packaging tracking and incremental and breakthrough advances in packaging efficiency. They focus the majority of their material reduction innovations on the packaging they use most-PET, glass, aluminum and fountain. Fountain beverages-one of their oldest and most efficient package delivery systems-account for 12 percent of their global unit case volum e. In 2008, they worked to further optimize the packaging efficiency of their fountain beverages by developing even higher syrup concentrations, commercializing a new cold, compostable beverage cup, and supporting commercial copmosting initiatives. Approximately 85 percent of the company’s global beverage volume is delivered in recyclable bottles and cans. To realize their long-term sustainability aspirations, the recovery of these containers and their materials for reuse is critical. The company’s goal is to increase this recovery to 50 percent by 2015. In order to do so, they focus primarily on advancing four core packaging recovery models:comprehensive product stewardship programs in developed markets; recycling cooperative programs in developing and emerging markets; voluntary deposits on refillable packages in least-developed markets; and Coca-Cola-operated recycling enterprises globally. A key to driving recovery is ensuring that market demand for collected materials is strong. The Coca-Cola system helps foster this demand by advancing sustainable technologies that enable greater use of recycled content material in their packaging; purchasing products made from recycled beverage packaging; and enhancing the efficiency of their refillable bottles. The Coca-Cola company has strong supply network design. The company sells the concentrates and syrups for bottled and canned beverages to authorized bottling and canning operations. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sweeteners, and then carbonate it before putting it in cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. Most of the products are manufactured and sold by the bottling partners.The company sells concentrates and syrups to the bottling partners, who convert them into finished packaged products which they sell to distributors and other customers. The Coca-Cola company makes their branded beverage products available to consumers throughout the world through their network of bottling, partners,distributors, wholesalers and retailers-the world’s largest beverage distribution system. The positioning of the product in the supermarket is one of the most important things for the companyâ€℠¢s customers. In retail stores, Coca-Cola puts its products in the most prominent shelf position in refrigerators. There are 10 million Coca-Cola branded machines around the world, such as: coolers, vending machines, and fountains. The company calls tha machines ‘stores within stores’ and ‘interaction points with customers’. The innovation in the equipment that company makes is: a new fountain machine that serves 100-plus different beverages; re-imagined coolers that use classic Coca-Cola design themes and 40% less energy; and fully interactive vending machines with large display screens that are both Wi-Fi and Bluethoot-enabled. The connectivity technologies will let customers download music, coupons, or other promos to their cell phones. Coca-Cola uses an innovative bottling process at its bottling plants. In order to ensure speedy bottling without compromising quality, Coca-Cola’s bottling process involves the following steps: 1. The water is filtered and cleaned with a special treatment system. A sanitiser and 180-degree Fahrenheit water is used to clean all of the equipment while the water is being prepared. 2. The syrup tank is prepared for mixing. 3. Empty bottles are placed onto a conveyor to be filled and stacked. 4. The bottles go trough a quality control process, and examined foe any defects. Approved bottles are moved forward to be rinsed. 5. The bottles are rinsed with de-ionized air to remove any particles. 6. The syrup and water are mixed in just the right ratios, and filtered carbon dioxide is added. The mixture is pored into the bottles according to a predetermined volume. 7. The bottles are stamped with a date and code, and then moved to a fill-level inspector and capper. At Coca-Cola, the bottling line was designed to fill 20 bottles per minute. However, bottling speeds vary significantly depending on the type of product being bottled, equipment, and type of bottles or cans. The good design of the company’s work environment is extrimely important to the business success. The Coca-Cola company provides a safe and healthy work environment through implementation of their Occupational Safety and Health policies and requirements. They think about their employees. The Coca-Cola Company’s Workplace Rights Policy is giuded by international human rights standards. The Policy includes: Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining, Forced labour, Child labour, Discrimination, Work Hours and Wages, Safe and Healthy Workplace, Workplace Security, Community and Stakeholder Engagement. In addition, The Coca-Cola company shows that follows all of the steps for perfect process design. The company has success, because of the creative design product, strong supply netwotk design, high control of the process technology and providing the perfect working environment, because they care about the employees.