Importance of Advance Directives Essay Example for Free

Importance of mount Directives EssayThe Importance of Advance Directives Tara J. DiDonato Axia College of University of Phoenix The Importance of Advance Directives While most tidy sum do not speak about end of life issues either because of their background or religion, it is not only for the elderly, we should every last(predicate) shed light on our wishes known. fit to the Pew Research Center, (January 2006), 42% ofAmericans have had a friend or relativesuffer from a terminal illness or coma in the last five years andfor a majority of these people , the issue of withholding life sustaining treatment came up. Although many people feel it is taboo, all adults over the age of 18 should think about what their healthc atomic number 18 wishes would be if they could not speak for themselves. These wishes should be documented in an discard directive, so that loved anes know what they argon. Power of Communication correspond to the Mayo Clinic (2005), The issues surrounding seri ous illness and death are not easy to discuss. Decisions are much easier on our loved ones if we have an evoke directive in place before we are faced with a serious illness or accident.Without communicating our wishes, we might find ourselves in a condition that we are unable to communicate the medical treatment we wish to receive, such as resuscitation or life support. Having a conversation with loved ones is important to clarify medical wishes. We should explain our wishes and explain how our values have shaped our decision. Types of Advance Directives According to the Mayo Clinic (2005), Advance Directives are written instructions regarding your medical care preferences. There are various types of advance directives, such as a support Will, Durable Power of Attorney, healthcare Proxy and Do Not Resuscitate Order (DNR).Durable power of attorney and living wills have limitations, they do not include instructions for every situation, which means that we need to trust that the per son we have named will make the decisions which are in our best interest and are what we would have wanted. A DNR order is a form that is commonly discussed with a physician. A DNR order alerts physicians and emergency medical personnel that if a patients heart stops beating or if the patient stops breathing, there should be no attempts to revive them. Another advance directive is a Healthcare Proxy (HCP).This document allows patients to choose an agent to act on their behalf if they are temporarily or permanently unable to make healthcare decisions on their own. According to Fell, Kukula and Taylor (2005), as with other advance directives, it is very important to discuss, in detail, all of your wishes with your surrogate and make sure they clearly understand and are willing to make these decisions on your behalf (p. 4). Everyone should have a voice, not just the elderly Advance directives are not just for the elderly, anyone over the age of 18 should have one. unannounced situation s can arise at any age and there might be end of life decisions that needs to be made. In the event that a person does not have an advance directive in place, according to Fell, et al. (2005), you will receive medical care to the fullest extent appropriate for your condition. Without an advance directive the patient might receive more treatment than he or she would have wanted. The biggest misconception about an advance directive is that people think that having one means do not treat, this is incorrect. Frequently used medical terms

Study Guide Literary Terms Essay Example for Free

Study Guide Literary Terms Essay

Risk Management in Business: A Case Study

put on the line Management in Business A Case rentINTRODUCTIONSITUATIONEvery day, there is the chance that some sort of employment interruption, crisis, disaster, or emergency will occur. Anything that pr forces access to key processes and activities shag be defined as a disaster.Companies sewer fetch many different threats to their mission critical systems such as fires, floods, lightning storms and humidity to disgruntled employees, hackers, human error, motive failures and viruses. A disaster can happen at any time and it is vital to be prep atomic number 18d in the event that one occurs.NEEDTo be prepared for a business interruption, the geological formation must eat up a tradefully crafted and comprehensive visualize that describes bumps, impacts, and step-by-step recovery strategies for critical business processes in various disaster and emergency scenarios. Without a plan, the team will be flying blind when an interruption occurs. The plan provides the necessary t ools to mitigate interruptions and resume trading operations as quickly as contingent, greatly facilitating decision-making and taking feat when there is scant time and stress directs are elevated.CHALLENGEUsing the entropy in the attempt assessment to create effective recovery strategies for critical processes in on the whole segments, incorporating these strategies into a comprehensive business continuity plan, and encouraging will power of the plan across the organization, and ultimately, achieving the highest resiliency possible with finded resources.SOLUTIONCreate the recovery strategies department-by-department, process-by-process. This al slumps each department to focal point on strategies specifically relevant to their critical processes without irreverent information from other departments. Do the same for your business continuity plan, writing smaller plans by department. Also, use a template to document your recovery strategies to chequer process consistency across the organization. Finally, have plans reviewed and approved by department heads and distributed to all employees to encourage ownership and pride in the plan.RESULTEach department in the organization will have a comprehensive action plan for business continuity outlining the steps to take to recover vital processes in various emergency scenarios. All employees will have their own copy of the plan, ready to use immediately when a disruption occurs. Employees will take ownership of the organizations business continuity effort and this effort will be further ingrained in the organizations corporate culture.CHOCOLATE MANUFACTURING COMPANYAN OVERVIEWThe Chocolate Company since origination in 1990 has been largely responsible for satisfying the countrys demand for Chocolates and Sugar Confectionery. Situated at Rusayl Industrial Estates in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, the plant has various lines producing a wide invest of confectionery like clairs, Toffees, Fudges, Caramels, Hard B oiled Candy and Enrobed Chocolates. These products are available in attractive packaging and premium Gift Boxes making them ideal for gifting as well as for own consumption. Most of the packaging in the Gift Pack segment has been carefully selected to ensure its enduring utility, thereby giving our cute customers an added benefit. The confectionery is produced by experienced personnel under stringent look control and hygiene standards. State-of-the-art manufacturing facilities ensure products of internationalistic quality. The guild in its unmitigated pursuit of quality obtained HACCP Certification in April, 2004.The Company, through its uncompromising stand on quality and competitive pricing, has successfully penetrated countries all over the Gulf, the African continent, Asia, Australia, untried Zealand, Canada, South Africa, USA and the UK.The principal business processes involved areProcurement of raw cloths and consumables. mathematical product and Quality control.Distri bution and marketing.Inventory Management.Pricing and cost control.Feedback from consumers and redressal systems. advancement and promotional activities.Recruitment and HR.Finance Administration. bodied conversations and public relations.Legal and secretarial matters.Investor relations.Maintenance of equipment and other assets.Capital expenditure for equipment and other purposes.IT systems and telecommunications.Transportation and Logistics.Today, manufacturing heavens companies like chocolate manufacturing operates in increasingly complex, competitive and global markets. The ability to manage fortunes across geographies, products, assets, customer segments and functional departments is of paramount importance. The inability to manage these chance of infections can cause irreparable damages.Chocolate company will always face the likelihood of being impacted by uncertain or adverse early events. These uncertainties will have an impact on a companys ability to generate capital and shareholders returns. The company Board expects that focusing will not only reflexion at where the company whitethorn be exposed to risk of infection, but also how these risks can be managed to influence favorable business outcomes.RISK AND RISK perplexity adventure Management Methodology followed by the chocolate companyThe risk management methodology at the chocolate company encompass the scope of risks to be managed, the process/systems and procedures to manage risk and the roles and responsibilities of individuals involved in risk management. The framework is comprehensive enough to c inclined(predicate)ure all risks that the company is exposed to and have tractableness to accommodate any change in business activities.The chocolate companys effective risk management methodology includesRisk Policy framework.Identification of risks.Measurement and collision Assessment.Management of the risks.Monitoring Reporting and Control.A. Risk Policy FrameworkThe following fundame ntal principles should be considered by the company to develop and implement a proactive risk management program and help them to identify any say-so areas of concernAcceptance of a risk management framework A schematic risk management framework is needed at this company, to guide the integration of risk management into the companys day to day operations.Corporate governance and risk At this company,corporate governance is the prime certificate of indebtedness of the Board of Directors and the General Manager. It combines legal duties with responsibilities to improve and monitor the performance of the company.Establish the risk response strategy Following the symmetry on the risk assessment rankings in all functional departments, management action will need to be taken to reduce the risk levels where they have been deemed unacceptably high or alternatively remove constraints where they are preventing the business from pursuing opportunities.Assigning responsibility for risk man agement change process It is strategical for the company to ensure that the daily operation of the business supports this strategy and that the staff understands the proposed changes.Re-sourcing Risk management is the responsibility of all levels of management.Communication and training Implementing a communication and training program is important to introduce the concept of risk management.Monitoring of risk management process To ensure that risk responses gaps are filled and that the risk responses continue to operate effectively and re primary(prenominal) appropriate in light of changing conditions.B. Identification of Various Risks of The CompanyWhile drafting this Risk management Policy, the primary risk exposures at the company X that are identified is provided below, which are inclusive but not exhaustive and it will be the responsibility of the Risk Management Committee to review these on a periodic basis.I. Market RisksIt is the risk that the range of the company will b e adversely modify by movements in market rates or prices, foreign exchange rates, national global fluctuations, credit spreads and/or commodity prices resulting in a dismission to earnings and capital.The market risks identified at this chocolate company are as followsGovernment Policy risksProduct RisksEnvironmental risksVolatility of export orders harm Competition in the local anesthetic export marketCurrency fluctuation for export ordersII. Operational RisksThe useable risks identified at chocolate company are as followsFire Allied RisksMachinery breakdown/ obsolescenceVolatility of Raw material Packing material pricesQuality/ Ageing risks of Raw material/ Packing materialDelivery risk of SuppliersLoss of data information- IT securityManpower Availability risksAccidentsInventory booking riskIII. Reputation RisksThese are risks arising from negative public opinion resulting from failures of process, strategy or corporate governance.The Reputation risks identified at thi s company are as followsContamination-hygieneProduct expiry/Shelf lifeCorporate GovernanceIV. faith RisksNon receipt of receivables or delay in receipts is the credit risks attributable to the company.These whitethorn be identified asPayment risk from customers-localPayment risk from Customers- exportSecurity from customersAdvance to SuppliersV. Liquidity RisksThe possibility is that the company will be unable to fund present and future financial obligations.These may be identified asCash flow working capital managementCAPEX decisionsCost overrunsVI. Strategic RisksRisk those are arising from adverse business decisions or the ill-timed implementation of such decisions.These may be identified as followsBusiness Plan forecasts.Attrition of key people.C. Risk Prioritizing and concussion AssessmentRisk PrioritizingTo adequately capture institutions risk exposure, risk measurement should represent aggregate exposure of the company to both risk type and business line and encompass mu lct run as well as long run impact on it. To the maximum possible extent the company should establish systems / manikins that quantify their risk profile. However, in some risk categories, quantification is quite arduous and complex. Wherever it is not possible to quantify risks, qualitative measures should be adopted to capture those risks.The company should give a Risk Matrix to evaluate the level of risks which are identified in the Company. The Risk Matrix is formed by assessing the probability of the risk, the severity of the risk, and the quality of control that exists specific to those risks. Scoring is attributed for each the three parameters namely probability, severity and Internal control. The aggregate score is computed and ranking of the risks is ascertained.The probability of the impact occurring is arranged ranging from low to high. Scores assigned as 4 for High, 2 for spiritualist and 1 for low.Severity of the Risk is assessed as High, Medium and low based on the experience and normal prudence. Scores assigned as 4 for High, 2 for medium and 1 for low.Quality of Internal control is also similarly categorized as high, medium and low. The scores assigned in the reverse order since the better the existing control the lower is the impact and vice-versa. So scores here can be assigned as 4 for Low, 2 for Medium and 1 for High.Aggregate Score was thereafter computed after adding the individual scores for each parameter.Companys Risk Matrix using the above method is shown in Annexure Iii. Impact AssessmentThe company being a medium scale manufacturing unit should focus on the manageable risks like Operational risks, Liquidity risks and Strategic risks. Market risks, Credit risks and Reputation risks though an integral part of risk management may not need detailed impact assessment at this demo unless the probability of such factors seem to be out of proportions in time to come. Impact assessment of the Operational risks, liquidity risks and strate gic risks at the company termed herein as Manageable risks, can be assessed as followsRisk associated with any event has two components, going severity and loss probability. Loss, in itself consists of expected and unexpected components. The unexpected loss component could be severe or catastrophic. Usually, expected losings are adjusted for in pricing or in reserve allocation. Unexpected losses require capital allocation. Given that operational risk, liquidity and strategic risk events are most often subject to internal control, any manageable risk system that passively measures these risks would clearly be inadequate.Once risk factors are identified as likely causes of the Risk losses, mitigating steps need to be initiated. While quantification would indicate risk magnitude and capital charges, it may not by itself suggest mitigating steps. This makes it advisable for the company to combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to manageable Risk.The broad steps involved here w ould bedetermine the types of operational losses that could occuridentify the causal risk factorsestimate the size and likelihood of lossesMitigate associated risksQualitative ApproachesQualitative approaches involveAudits,Self-assessmentsExpert / embodied judgment.Critical Self-Assessment (CSA)This is one of the common qualitative bottom-up approaches where line managers of the company can critically analyze their business processes given specific scenarios to identify potential risks and gaps in their risk management processes. Tools like questionnaires, checklists and workshops are used to help the managers analyze the risk profile of their business units. The key idea behind this method is that businesses managers of this company are in the best position identify and manage the Operational Risks pertaining to their business units.Risk AuditEmploying the services of external (or internal) auditors to review the business processes of a business unit is another approach. This proce ss not only helps identify risks but also helps put in place the oversight organization for the manageable risks.Key Risk Indicators (KRI)Using the KRI approach the company can blend the qualitative and quantitative aspects of Operational Risk management. Factors that have predictive value and that can be easily measured with minimum time lag can serve as risk indicators. Some risk indicators inherently carry risk related information, for instance, indicators like sales volumes, order size, etc. Others are indirect indicators, for instance, proceeds budgets, production lifecycle, performance appraisal etc. Key indicators are identified from several potential factors and are tracked over time. The predictive capabilities of the indicators are tested through regression analysis on historical loss data and indicator measurements. Based on such analysis, the set of indicators of the company being tracked can be modified suitably. Over time, as the model gets refined, the set of indicat ors can provide early warning signals for operational losses.D. Management of the risksManaging Market Risks The chocolate company may be exposed to Market Risk in variety of ways as described earlier such as environmental issues, export orders, future contracts, Price aspiration, customer profile and ocean transportation risks. Besides, market risk may also arise from activities categorized as off-balance sheet item.Government Policy Risks Change in presidential term policies, task rates, introduction of new tax regimes, reduction or abolition of incentives etc carry risk to any entity in terms of its costing and pricing. In the short and medium term the company does not perceive any major risk in this segment, however the management has to be aware of any forthcoming changes that the government might envisage. Should there be any drastic change in Government policies that would affect its profitability especially in case of exports the Company has disaster plans for producing at an alternative location outside Oman.Product Risks Since the product is that of food item the company has to be 100% careful to fight down the product quality, product specification, pack sizes, contents in each pack etc. Producing lesser or poor quality products and not as per specification is a risk which company X needs to constantly be aware off. To mitigate such risks the company X shoulddevelop a well defined production indemnitydevelop a well defined Quality control and checks policydevelop a well defined storage and Distribution policyEnvironmental risks The company does not use and generate hazardous substances in its manufacturing operations. Hence the chances that the company may in future are subject to liabilities relating to the investigation and clean-up of contaminated areas is negligible. However the company should have a laid down policy of disposal of waste at pre-designed disposal points mainly for the rejected, expired and discredited items of raw material s, undefiled products and boxing materials.Volatility of export orders Some customers and sectors served by the company are directly dependent on general economic development, competition and frequent fluctuations in demand for their products. The prices for these products are, in part, dependent on the prevailing relationship between supply and demand. Possible price fluctuations are therefore apt to have a direct influence on each customers working capital management decisions, with subsequent influence on the customers Order Intake. This may use up to volatility in the development of Order Intake of the company. The company has a policy of geographically diversifying its customer base, as also expanding the customer base in each export market, so that transfer to less volatile locations can be made in short notice.Price Competition in the local export market The Company does business in very competitive local and export markets. In spite of the competition the company has a 70 % market share in the local market and its export business is expanding.Both these local and export markets in which it competes are highly fragmented, with a few large, international manufacturers competing once morest each other and against a high number of smaller, local companies. Sometimes new entrants or existing players suddenly lower their prices to get rid of the companys products. This has, in some cases, adversely impacted sales margins realized by certain of companys products.To mitigate this risk the company has taken the following stepsMaintaining complete information of its Competitors with respect to their latest technological developments, market strategies, new investments, management changes etc.Has developed emergency alternative plans to introduce different product ranges with minimal morphologic changes with similar or lower prices.Currency fluctuation for export ordersThe Company exports its products to a large number of countries like Canada, USA, Australia, African countries, and the Middle East. Almost all export orders of the company are fixed in US dollars. Since Omani Rail is pegged with US Dollars, the fluctuation of the currencies in would have negligible impact on the export realizations at company X. Company X has a policy of booking export orders in terms of US dollars to empty the risk of ongoingness fluctuations.Managing Operational Risks Being a chocolate manufacturing company, it deals with the retail market. The most important risks are those of Operational risks. Operational risk is associated with human error, system failures and inadequate procedures and controls. It is the risk of loss arising from the potential that inadequate information system technology failures, breaches in internal controls, fraud, unforeseen catastrophes, or other operational problems may result in unexpected losses or reputation problems.Fire Allied risks These are general risks applicable to almost all establishments. This includes Materi al damage to the companys property ascribable to Fire lightning, Earthquake, Third party impact, Accidental damage, explosion, riot strike, storm tempest, burst pipes, Own Vehicle impact, malicious damage, and theft. The company should take necessary steps in mitigating such risks by takingProperty All Risks Insurance PolicyLoss of profit insurance coverMachinery breakdown/ obsolescence This risk identified is a major risk constituent as the company has been established two decades earlier by using trade refurbished Plantand machinery. Though most of the machinery is in running condition as of now the chances of spare part obsolescence is quite high in a majority of such machines. The physical status and the possible mitigation for major machinery can be shown in ANNEXTURE IIVolatility of Raw Material/ Packing Material prices The Company faces a medium level risk in its Raw material Packing material prices. The main raw materials at are Sugar, Glucose, Milk Powder, vegetable fat, coconut, coco whey powders. The fisticuffs material required is Wrappers, Bags, Gift boxes, Gift Tins and cartoons. Other than a few packing material materials almost all of the raw materials and packing materials are imported as shown belowQuality risk Raw material Packing material This is a medium sized risk and the company should take reasonable care to mitigate such risks. Since the majority of the raw materials and packing materials are imported by the company, the purchase committee should implementing a stringent policy ofShould have a multiple suppliers from the same country or region.Should have proper Quality checks for each Consignment while receiving delivery.Should have a stringent penalization clause on variation of specifications in the apprehensions with suppliers.Delivery risk of Suppliers This is major risk element at the company because of the fact that in most cases purchases are imported and made through Letter of Credits. Non Delivery or delayed del ivery in such purchases may affect the performance of the company. The company is implementing proper penalty clauses in the purchase agreement for delayed and/ or non-delivery of the ordered items.Transporting risks In case of local sales, the company transports the products mostly through its own personnel. The company therefore, takes a general Transit Insurance policy covering accidents and theft.Inventory carrying risk Inventory Carrying risks are of three typesStorage riskOverstocking under stocking riskpassing riskStorage riskThe storage policies currently areThe company can keeps the entire inventory in closed warehouses.Over-stocking Under-stocking The company can maintain a good optimized production planning system in correlation with its sales plan so that it can have a optimum stocking policy. The current production plan is quite satisfactory and hence the risk is low to medium. But the company is mostly dependent on Export market, the volatility of export orders may l ead to overstocking or under-stocking of inventory.Expiry risks This risk is low to medium. Expiry risks of inventory can be mitigated by proper planning of Sales, Purchase, Production and Distribution. The Storekeeper needs to maintain up-to-date records. A system is being implemented to provide on-line information about the stock position i.e. the measure in stock, Re-order period, Ordering level and the Expiry dates of each of the Raw material, packing material and finished stocks to the Sales, Production and Purchase department so that immediate action can be taken by the respective departments.Manpower Availability risks There is a shortage of skilled manpower in Oman. This is however met with the deliver staff employed mainly from the sub-continent. The company therefore faces a medium risk in terms of availability of skilled manpower. The company can met bungled manpower availability with the local Omani population and also from expatriate staff. The gap of skilled labor av ailability is likely to increase and therefore the be also increase. To mitigate such risks, the company can develop long term strategy to invest in higher capacity production machines so that the requirement of manpower is kept low.Accidents The Company can face a chance of accidents at the factory, however the accident risks at the company is low, as it does not deal with hazardous material and the production processes are not complex. However the company may face risks from mechanical or electrical installations which cant be entirely ruled out. So the company needs to take the following stepsBy providing ELCB (Electric Leakage Circuit Breakers) in all electrical circuits and ACBs for the main transformersBy providing Hot masks to the manpowerHaving a good machinery breakdown policyConstant monitoring of the gas line leakagesThe company needs have a Manpower Accidents and Injury Policy to cover the possibility of injury or death of manpower within the factory premises.Managing R eputation RisksReputation of the company may also get hamper in various situations some of which areContamination-hygiene Being in the Food sector the company should take utmost vigilance to avoid any sort of contamination in its products which will reach to the general mass. The company should take precaution for the quality of the raw material and packing material that is required for the entire production process and the stocking procedure.The company can follow the following policyStringent Quality control checks of Raw materials and packing materialsStringent Quality checks of the entire production processMaintaining Hygiene standards of the Government of Oman both in production and stocking.Sample testing at each stageHave a third Party damage policy insurance coverage owing to contaminationProduct expiry/Shelf life risks This is again a very vital risk to the company as it is in the Food sector. The Government of Oman is very stringent in its laws to avoid expired products t o be sold to the general public. So the company should take utmost care to avoid this risk byproviding a stringent Distribution policy of its finished productsChecks and controls before distribution of products.Monitoring distributed products on a daily basisAttributing Responsibility to a Senior Personnel for the managementCorporate Governance Corporate Governance Policies and Procedures manual are already in place at the company. Hence the risk associated with it is low. The management has to ensure proper compliance of the policies already undertaken to avoid any risk of reputation arising out of non-compliance of corporate governance.Managing Credit RisksCredibility Risk of Customers The Company should develop a credit policy based on regions, volume and credibility ranking of the parties.Export The Company exports to a wide range of countries. The contacts of customers are mainly through visits and through mail. It is initially very difficult to assess the credibility of the cu stomers abroad. The risk element is therefore medium and high.The company should mitigate this risk in the following mannerThe company should back up the export orders by Letter of Credit from the parties.In case L/C mode is not practicable, the company can ask for advance payments or Security deposit, or post dated cheques which will cover the entire order taken prior to effecting delivery of the goods.The company currently did not picture into any distribution agreement with any export party and deals with parties on a case to case basis The Company can set up a network of allocators for handling exports sales as far as practicable. The company can also set up more than one distributor in each region/country, so that price advantage can be achieved through minimal risk. The company should select distributors with proven track record, and the distributorship agreement should be through a internationally binding legal contract.Local Local sales are affected by the company mainly to retail customers like supermarkets and hypermarkets, small shops and to two distributors in the interior.The company should take the following stepsSale to all hypermarkets and supermarkets where the volumes are above a certain limit are, as far as possible, affected by means of an annual contract with all modalities and terms and conditions clearly laid out.For single shop outlets, the company may face the risk of shop closing down and non-payment or delayed payment.To counter this company should maintain small stocks with such shops and should have a regular but frequent collection system.In case of distributors the company should have legally binding distribution agreements.Limit setting An important element of credit risk management is to establish exposure limits for each single customer and distributors. The compan

Reaction Rate of Hydrochloric Concentration

Reaction Rate of Hydrochloric ConcentrationHydrochloric IntensityThe purpose of the taste was to gather an understanding for the chemical answers, depending on the meanness. The value of reaction is the speed of the chemical reaction. This experiment was to justify if the submersion is high or low exit it affect the chemical reaction. Hydrochloric acid constitutes the majority of gastric acid, the human digestive fluid. In a complex act and at a large energetic burden, it is secreted by parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells). These cells contain an extensive secretory mesh topology (c exclusivelyed canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. They atomic number 18 soften of the epithelial fundic glands (also known as oxyntic glands) in the stomach. The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). It is a strong acid, the major grammatical constituent of gastric acid and of wide industrial use. (LibreTexts. 2017). It is said from (chem4kids.com. 2017) if a reaction has a low rate, that means the molecules combine at a slower speed than a reaction with a high rate. The collision supposition was used to envisage the rate for a chemical transpose, collisions dont evermore have a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction needs to be equalized for it to have an effective collision. According to (Chemistry LibreTexts. 2017) A collision will be effective in producing chemical substitute only if the species brought together possess a certain minimum value of internal zippo, equal to the activation energy of the reaction. Furthermore, the colliding species must be oriented in a manner favorable to the necessary rearrangement of atoms and electrons.(askllTians. 2017)The experiment that was used, was all 5 interrogatory tubes filled with the identical come of sodium thiosulfate and adding to each diametric see tube different concentrations of hydrochloric acid and timing how fast the reaction rate is. This experiment was used to find come forward if you had different concentrations of hydrochloric acid would it affect the rate of reactions.Na2O3S2 + HCI = SO2Sodium thiosulfate +Hydrochloric acid = sulfur dioxideThe chemicals in this experiment were Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulfate. Research has shown about hydrochloric acid it is a component found in the human digestive fluid from (Hydrochloric acid. 2017) it says that Hydrochloric acid constitutes the majority of gastric acid, the human digestive fluid. In a complex process and at a large energetic burden, it is secreted by parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells). These cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. They are part of the epithelial fundic glands (also known as oxyntic glands) in the stomach. The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrog en chloride gas (HCl). It is a strong acid, the major component of gastric acid and of wide industrial use. If the human digestive fluid had a low concentration it would take longer to digest food. Concentration is the chroma of an element or substance in an experiment. Concentration is used in every solar day life in food, drinks and chemicals added to certain things.AimThe Aim for this experiment was if the concentration would affect the rate of reaction.Hypothesis The prediction for this experiment was that the reaction time will get faster and slower with each density of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate will mix together and create a yellow substance of self-coloured Sulphur. The controlled variable in this experiment was the concentration and the independent variable was the rate of reactions.5 assay tubes2 measuring cylinders (50ml each)5 different types of hydrochloric acid such as 0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 (50ml each)1 sodium thiosulfate 75ml1 test t ube standGlovesGlassesLab coat3 stop watchesThis experiment started by the collection of the resources and safety equipment needed. Followed by the set up of the test tubes in the test tube rack and the measuring of 5ml of Sodium Thiosulfate for each of the test tubes. 15ml of Hydrochloric Acid of different concentrations ranged between 0.2 to 2.0 added to each test tube as soon as the hydrochloric acid is added the timer was stated and the experiment was observed till in that respect werent any more changes to the chemicals. When the chemicals first had a change the time from when the hydrochloric acid added to the change was record into a results table. Once there was no change to the chemicals, the times was also recorded. The experiment was done three times to possess sure there were the best results we could get and incase the results werent precise. After the third round of the experiments were finished the equipment used was cleaned up and the area used and all the resourc es and safety equipment used was returned.plat Risk assessment Basic steps for experiment Risks (low, moderate, high) resistion grabbing equipment from the trolley and placing it out It is at a low stake of bumping into people and dropping all the equipmentTo prevent this risk, you will need to walk safely to you working area and be careful with the equipmentWhen measuring the sodium thiosulfate to put in each test tubeIt is at a low risk of spilling the chemicalsTo prevent this risk, you will need to be aware of people around you and keeping an eye on what you are doingWhen measuring the hydrochloric acid to put in each test tube for the first round of experiments It is at a low risk of spilling the chemicalsTo prevent this risk, you will need to be aware of people around you and keeping an eye on what you are doingThe combination of the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate into the same test tubesIt is at a low risk of spilling the chemicalsTo prevent this risk, you will need to be aware of people around you and keeping an eye on what you are doingViewing the reactionIt is at a moderate risk you may be injured by the reaction the chemical poseTo prevent this risk, make sure you have put in the right amount of chemicals and dont be so close while viewing the reactionAfter repeating the experiment 3 times the area and equipment used will need to be cleaned and washed It is at a moderate risk spilling the chemicals on yourself will generate burning or irritation to the skin or dropping the test tubes and breaking themTo prevent this risk, ware protective gear such as groves, glaze and apron it will protect most of your body at may come in contact with the chemicalsWriting your results It is at a low risk the most that can happen is stabbing yourself with a pencil or pen.To prevent this risk, be carefulThe health effect the chemicals haveChemical makeHydrochloric acid When in contact with skin, your skin will drive corrosive, irritant and it will create burns on your skin. Eye contact it will become irritant and corrosive.Sodium thiosulfate Your skin will become irritant.results Experiment 1MolBefore afterwardreaction0.2Clear limiting to a chromatic albumen51sec-6.45min0.5ClearChange to a chromatic discolour48sec-4.54min1.0ClearChange to a creamy white1.10min- 2.28min1.5ClearChange to a creamy white1.20min-2min2.0ClearChange to a creamy white1.15-2minMolBeforeafterreaction0.2Clearchange to a creamy white51sec-6.45min0.5ClearChange to a creamy white33sec-4.53min1.0ClearChange to a creamy white26sec- 2.42min1.5ClearChange to a creamy white18sec-2.25min2.0ClearChange to a creamy white58sec-3.3minExperiment 2Experiment 3MolBeforeafterreaction0.2Clearchange to a creamy white41sec-3.15min0.5ClearChange to a creamy white38sec-2.36min1.0ClearChange to a creamy white0.06sec- 1.49min1.5ClearChange to a creamy white45sec -1.27min2.0ClearChange to a creamy white10sec-2.11minDiscussion In experiment 1, it started with the pee-pee mixed che micals all with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. In the experiment for 0.2M the reaction occurred 51 seconds after combining sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid together and the reaction stopped 6.45 legal proceeding after the combining. The hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.5M the reaction occurred 33 seconds after the combining and stopped 4.53 minutes after. 1M was 25 seconds and stopped at 2.42 minutes after, 1.5M was 18 seconds and stopped after 2.25 minutes after and finally 2M the reaction started at 58 seconds after it was combined and it stopped 3.37 minutes after the combining. Although all the concentrations of hydrochloric acid, the clear liquid it once was changed to a creamy white.In experiment 2, it started the same way as experiment 1. Although some of the results were different to experiment 1. O.2M it started at 51 seconds and stopped at 6.45 minutes after, it was the same as in experiment 1. The chemical reaction started at 33 second s and it stopped 4.53 minutes whereas 1M started at 26 seconds and it stilled at 2.42 minutes after it was added. 1.5M was started at 18 seconds whereas 2M started at 58 seconds but 1.5M stopped at 2.25 minutes and 2M stopped at 3.3minutes. However, all the concentrations in the end change to the same color in experiment 1.Experiment 3, just like all the other experiment it was started the same way with the clear mixed chemicals however, the chemical reaction happened when the sodium thiosulfate was being measured because it was accidently measured in the hydrochloric acid measuring cylinder so that effected the results for this experiment, so it was measured when it got to a darker shade of creamy white. 0.2M was affected 41 seconds after and it stopped 3.15 minutes after. 0.5 changed 38 seconds after and it stopped at 2.36 minutes. 1M was the one that was most effected when measuring the sodium thiosulfate occurred it was recorded in the results that it started at 0.06 seconds and stopped at 1.49 minutes. 1.5M started at 45 seconds and finished 1.27 minutes after finally 2M started at 10 seconds and stopped 2.11 minutes.The Average, when the recording was contingency there wasnt someone all the time watching the experiment so it may not be quite high-fidelity. The bonnie for 0.2M was 5.35 minutes, 0.5M was 3.81 minutes, 1M was 4.58 minutes, 1.5M was 4.02 minutes and finally 2M was 2.47 minutes. This average was only recorded by when the chemical changed stopped.The research collected helped understand what was going on with the experiment it was known if it had a low concentration is would go slower and it would go faster if it had a high concentration. The Hypothesis was supported it did get faster and slower with each density of hydrochloric acid. Although it didnt create a solid yellow substance, the experiment only created a liquid substance. This experiment has created a understanding of what would happen if the human digestive fluid has a much highe r(prenominal) concentration it would help digest quicker but it would also eat the lining of your stomach.EvaluationThis experiment worked well but there were many mistakes that occurred such as the results were not recorded properly because you needed to keep an eye on the experiment at all times to get the most accurate answer. The other mistake was with the measuring cylinders needed to make sure that this experiment used one for sodium thiosulfate and a another for hydrochloric acid otherwise it will be an inaccurate answer because the chemicals will already mix when your measuring how much you will needwith one of the chemicals. To improve this experiment, it would have been better if one soulfulness is always watching the tests so this experiment would have made the results more accurate and if the measuring cylinders were easier to tell apart so there was a clear distinction of which on was used for that certain chemical.Conclusion In conclusion, the experiment was used to h ave a better understanding of chemical reactions depending of the concentration. The collision theory was used to rate the chemical change, hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate make a yellow liquid substance. Concentration is also used every single day without most peoples knowledge. The concentration did effect the reaction rate because it either had a high or low reaction rate. The hypothesis was supported except for the concentration of 2M more information was needed to understand why.BibliographyChemistry LibreTexts. (2017). Reaction Rate. online Available at https//chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Reaction_Rates/Reaction_Rate Accessed 9 Feb. 2017.Encyclopedia Britannica. (2017) chemistry. online Available at https//www.britannica.com/ perception/collision-theory-chemistry Accessed 5 Mar. 2017.Mar. 2017.Studios, A. (2017). Chem4Kids.com Reactions Rates of Reactions. online Chem4Kids.com. Available at http//www.chem4kids.com/files/react_ra tes.html Accessed 5 Mar. 2017.Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.gov. (2017) HCI Pubchem. online Available at https//pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/hydrochloric_acid Accessed 9 Feb. 2017.Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.gov. (2017). SODIUM THIOSULFATE Na203S2 Pubchem. online https//pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium_thiosulphatesection=Top Accessed 5

Does Violence in the Media Contribute to Violent Children?

Does Violence in the Media Contribute to Violent Children?Alaina DavisWhile well-nigh people may disagree that barbarian media contributes to convulsive fryren, the fact remains that personnel is now part of our everyday world. M each tragedies, from the Gulf War to the loss of the World Trade Center Towers were televised nightly or raze 24 hours a day on some news channels. I am not suggesting boorren be deprived of the knowledge that there is madness in our world, rather I would suggest that children must be supervised for such programming, because children toiletnot always tell the exit between fact and fantasy.In this paper, we forget look at three specifically violent events and the feelings of children who thinkinged the events on video recording, or were within close proximity to the violence and support uped it televised as well. I do not personally believe that tv set has the exclusive power to create a violent child however I do believe that it can be an int egral part of a storm of events that can cooperate to create a violent child.There is an amazing array of numbers and facts surrounding television alone, regardless of programming and the ages of the children who watch unsupervised. Fremont (2007), states that there is an average of three televisions in 41% of American homes.Children from ages 2-7 watch television unsupervised and alone 81% of the clip. In this analogous age group, 33% select televisions in their own bedrooms. I personally feel that this is far too much television for children of this age to watch television so much with no adult supervision. It is unadorned that television has indeed be acclaim the new babysitter. An early(a) statistic from Fremont (2007) is that children watch televised news 65% of the time as compared to 44% who read news paper. Television, and images in general tend to generate a much visceral reaction than reading printed text does. For grammatical case, I can write a text besides repor t about the violence surrounding the Twin Towers Attacks on September 11, 2001, and it allow no doubt resurrect up some reaction, in part because we all had such a large nitty-gritty of television exposure to the event. However, even at that, reading a text only report, will not elicit the same visceral response as showing pictures will, and that response will heighten with each sweetener to the report. Videography, with a narrator and actual live footage of the event, elicits the strongest reaction to any event, good or bad. However, in our society, violence seems to elicit the strongest responses and the most interest. This is true of not only our news broadcasts, but of television shows, movies and video games.A few to a greater extent facts, which will become more(prenominal)(prenominal) clear as we relate them to specific eventsless(prenominal) than 50% of children display feelings of anger, depression, or sadness after watching the news (Fremont, 2007). Bushman (2007), sta tes that young children are more likely to imitate what they see on television. Considering the amount of the age 2-7 group of children that are allowed unsupervised viewing and the psychological processing of that age group, it is easy to see why they would imitate what they see without reasoning for consequence. smiler Hamilton-Giachritsis (2007). have shown a correlation between homes that are violent in nature, children who watch large amounts of televisions in these violent homes, and juvenile delinquency in their young years.There are many forms of violence available on television, as entertainment, education, or in conjunction with television and the internet, such as on violent playing period. As a starting place, we are going to briefly visit three theme tragedies, in order of happening because television coverage change magnitude with each tragedy. As coverage increased, so did the amount of televisions available to view it on, as well as the time of the coverage.The first national tragedy is the competition accident, resulting in the destruction of the space capsule, as well as everyone on board, including a civilian pistillate drillteacher. Compared to the next two national tragedies, the Challenger have little airplay of the accident scene that was aired on the national news of the takeoff, and the very sudden violent explosion of the capsule. As an adult, I briefly think back the news coverage about the accident, and I remember that coverage was short lived. I had a 3-year-old daughter at the time, but she was never allowed to watch television unsupervised as a child, and she did not watch televised news. However, in a small nurture done at the time of 153 children from Concord, NH, and Porterville, CA, there was no initial reaction difference between the two coasts (Fremont, 2007). There was an increase in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in East coast children, as opposed to the westbound coast children (Fremont, 2007).Fremo nt (2007). did not state the ages of the children involved in the study, but we know that children under eight are generally less able to tell the difference between fantasy and historicality. That is why children from 2-7 still believe in the Tooth Fairy, the Easter Bunny, and the monsters under the bed. Because they do not always process these events as real, and therefore not as horrific as older children, juveniles do and adults do, if they develop symptoms at all, it is likely as an emotional cue that this is how we are supposed to act in response to such a tragedy.The Oklahoma City Bombing was a personal event because I live in Oklahoma. There was more national coverage on the news, and for a longer period of time than with the Challenger accident. Neighbors talked about it for longer periods, even after the news stopped covering it.In another study, seven weeks after the event, 3000 children of middle and high school age were surveyed. Freemont (2007). noted that those who w ere bereaved through involvement, directly, or indirectly, were more likely to report symptoms than those who were not so closely involved with the incident. However, it is also important to note that the Murrah Building Bombings television exposure did lead to trauma related symptoms for more than 2 years past the actual event date (Fremont, 2007). Given the additional coverage time and duration of this incident, which occurred nine years after Challenger, it is obvious that violent television broadcasts do have an effect on children.Our final national tragedy is the day simply known now as 9/11. On September 11, 2001, hijacked jets being flown into each of its twin towers attacked the World Trade Center in New York (Manhattan). Television and radio coverage started before anyone even knew what was happening. First reports were only for a plane of undetermined size having crashed into the North Tower. Before it was all over, a third plane would have crashed into the Pentagon, and a tail would be diverted by extremely brave passengers into crashing into a farm field, rather than its target, which was assumed to the be the White House. The second crash into the Twin Towers was televised in live time, as it happened. People all over America and the world watched as those towers burned, smoke rolling from them, and people jumping amid the papers blowing off the undecided upper floors. Finally the entire crash of first one tower and then the other, all taking place on live television, in real time. This was horrific for a number of reasons the amount of people initially dead and missing, relatives across the country, and around the world were uncertain if they were in shock for the nation, grieving personally, or both. Television coverage went on and on, replaying the horrific images repeatedly on 24-hour broadcasts. Other news was reported while these images played in the background on some channels.Fremont (2007). reports in a study done of grade 4-12 aged chi ldren in the New York City School system reported an increase of 8.5% of PTSD symptoms following this tragedy. A supporting study confirmed that there were symptoms of PTSD (particularly anxiety) in children who had excessive television exposure to this event even as far outside(a) as the West Coast. The difference was that children at a distance suffered more anxiety over whether a loved one was injured or killed children on the East Coast suffered grief for those injured or killed in the attacks, as well as anxiety about their futures, and the impact this tragedy would have on their future (Wilson, A.C., Lengua, L.J., Meltzoff, A.N., Smith, K.A., 2010). Again, parental trances did have some bearing on how much stress a child suffered from this event. According to Wilson, A.C. et.al. (2010), children from single parent homes displayed more symptoms than homes where both parents were present. Another important point is that children who had parents who showed positive emotional r esponses following the 9/11 attacks, such as crying in grief were much more likely to seek out or ask for help with their feelings over the attack.We do see that violence has an effect on children, at least, on school age children. The three events we have discussed so far were real incidents, happening to real people, and being broadcast in real time on television. tho what effect does interactive violent media have on our children?The more attractive video games, to the age 8 and above group, are violent. Whether it is fantasy violence, such as Angry Birds, or animated human violence, such as Halo, or other war programs, these are the games that are advertised heavily, promoted as great gifts and come with a great amount of attached peer pressure to play these games. Bushman (2007). noticed that females had become increasingly violent as the media and society supports the tough, aggressive female character. Traditionally, females are exposed to violent video games later than male s, because they are not drawn to watch violent sporting events such as football and hockey (Bushman (2007).While news broadcasts of national tragedies obviously cause symptoms of stress and anxiety in older children, what about younger children? For younger children, violence seems to really have not much of an effect. We read Grimms stories to our toddlers it rarely gives them cause for stress, or anxiety. They are unlikely to display infantile reactions to stress from being read Hansel and Gretel, for example by sucking their thumb, or wetting the bed after hearing the story. Yet, this story is violent two children, left in the woods by their parent, put by a witch, who attempts to murder them. For children under the age of eight, most research seems to agree that televised violence, viewing video games, or even hearing stories such as Grimms Fairy Tales, have little to no effect.Kotler and Calvert (n.d.), support that younger children tend to use instrumental aggression aggress ion that is used in the call for of controlling or obtaining an object. Therefore, an average preschooler may strike another child in the quest to get a toy, for example. However, by the time the child enters the first grade, at age 6 or 7, they are starting to use words to fight, rather than physical violence, and may even reject physically aggressive school peers.Supporting my theory that violent media alone does not make a violent child, Kotler and Calvert (n.d.) assert that by the time a child is a pre-adolescent or adolescent, they understand that the quest of revenge, such as is displayed in many video games, is the wrong moral path. However, those children without strong social ties, and who tend to be isolated, endorse violent revenge (Kotler Calvert, n.d.). Further support to the fact that while violent media does contribute, but is not the sole reason for violent children, is a study conducted by Johnson, et.al.,over 17 years in a community of 707 individuals. In each ca se, there was significant support for those who watched violent television in early adolescence and subsequent aggressive acts in adolescence and young adulthood.Males outweighed females in the same age brackets, but routinely, those who watched television for more than 3 hours per day, regardless of the violent content, were 14.6% more likely, overall to engage in physical assault or fighting that would result in injury at age 16 or 22. For those same ages and the same amount of television, 12.7% were likely to engage in any aggressive act on another person. These statistics were true whether or not the adolescent had any of the other risk indicators present for aggressive behavior, or a history of aggressive behavior (Johnson, Cohen, Smailes, Kasen, Brook, 2005).I have to admit that when I chose this topic, I was not on the side of violent television causing violent children, or even being a major contributor. However, the facts are irrefutable children who view violence after th e age of 8, particularly when the situation of the childrens lives are coupled with a low income home that may be violent in nature, is more likely to become violent, or at least accept violent behavior in their adolescent and young adult years. Of course, contributing to my own view is the fact that when I was a child, most homes did not even own one television, programming was rarely violent in legal injury of todays acceptable programming, and we were generally limited to an hour of prime time, supervised viewing with the entire family between dinner and bedtime.With the research conducted however, it is not possible to deny that younger children (under age 8) are less able to process and disseminate information, because they simply have no frame of reference for what is acceptable and unacceptable in terms of violence. I do not believe, however, that children of this age should watch television unsupervised, simply because they are learning to reference what they see. Without a n adult present to help them interpret what they see, in later years, they will not have a frame of reference to fall back on.Society will never be perfect we will always have those children, as well as adults who suffer rejection, bullying, and other forms of violence simply because they are different. However, I honestly believe if we all take the advice of the researchers, and supervise our young children, rather than forbid violence in all forms, we will raise children who will be able to survive those rejections, bullyings and other hurts of growing up without becoming violent. On the other hand, limiting and supervising the viewing and use of violent media in the home may help those children who suffer from disabilities that already promote low empathy (such as Autism Spectrum Disorders like Aspergers) to understand that violence solves nothing.Finally, parents must accept primary responsibility for their children, their childrens viewing and gaming habits, and ensure that the ir friends have parents who are involved and engaged with their children as well. Fremont (2007). recommends that the age group under eight not view television or other media without supervision. She also recommends that the adults in a childs life be prepared to help them with responsible interpretation of any violent content that is viewed.ReferencesBrowne, K.D., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005). The influence of violent media on children and adolescents a public health approach. Lancet, 365(9460), 702-210. Retrieved from Ebscohost. October 29, 2011.Bushman, D. B. (2007, March 2). The impact of entertainment media on children and families. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from Iowa State University Extension http//www.extension.iastate.edu/families/media/pages/qa.bushman.htmlFremont,Wanda P., M.D., (2007, November 15). Reactions of children exposed to media coverage of terrorism. Retrieved October 28, 2011, from St. Josephs Hospital and wellness Center www.sjhsyr.org/sjhhc/pdf/chip_Fre monReactions07.pptJohnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Smailes, E. M., Kasen, S., Brook, J. S. (2005, March 29). Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Science, 295, 2468-2471. Retrieved from Ebscohost. October 29, 2011.Kotler, J. A., Calvert, S. L. (n.d.). Children and adolescents exposure to different kinds of media violence Recurring choices and recurring themes (Research Paper). Retrieved from Childrens Digital Media Center/Georgetown University http//cdmc.georgetown.edu/papers/children_and_adolescents_exposure.pdfWilson, A.C., Lengua, L.J., Meltzoff, A.N., Smith, K.A. (2010). Parenting and temperament prior to September 11, 2001, and parenting specific to 9/11 as predictors of childrens post-traumatic stress symptoms following 9/11. Journal of Clinical Child childish Psychology, 39(4), 445-459. Doi 10.1080/15374416.2010.486317, Retrieved from Ebscohost. October 30, 2011

Twentieth Century History of South Africa Essay -- African History

The twentieth century history of southwestward Africa contains many struggles and obstacles as its people worked towards creating a more unified country. Modern human beings have inhabited South Africa for more than 100,000 years and a great deal of colonisation has occurred within the last 300 years. During the late 18th century, 90 Dutchmen landed on the Cape of Good Hope as part of the Dutch east India Company, representing the first permanent settlers of South Africa. In 1652, they were instructed to build a fort and to start growing crops to aid the ships travelling along the Eastern trade route. 5 short years later, approximately 250 snow-covered men occupied the area, bringing with them slaves to aid in growing more crops. Their farmland began to expand, and the native South Africans annoying of expanding Dutch colonization was becoming a reality. Immigration was encouraged in the 19th century, and the independent farmers called trekboers started to expand their far mland to the north and east. Slaves brought into South Africa by the white colonists created a mixed race group known as colored, creating a mixture of race and culture seen today in South Africa. inseparable South Africans were losing ground to this expanding Dutch colony and their slaves (Southafrica.info, 2012, pg. 1). According to the U.S. State Department (2012), African farmers known as the Boers began to migrate into South Africa in 1836. These colonists fled to Africa partly to get away British rule and due to the recent abolition of slavery in Britain. This created strife and conflict with the native South Africans, the most formidable being the Zulus. The attractor of the Zulus, Shaka, reigned over the area from 1787 to 1828. Under him, the Zulus were able... ...racial election. The citizens of Africa are counting on South Africas post-apartheid governments to continue the trend of reformation and reconciliation.ReferencesA Short History of South Africa - SouthA frica.info. (n.d.). South Africas official gateway - investment, travel, country information - SouthAfrica.info. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.southafrica.info/about/history/history.htmHistory of South Africa. (n.d.). HistoryWorld - History and Timelines. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=588&HistoryID=aa62rack=pthcJost, K. (1994). Can South Africa make the transition to a non-racial res publica?. South Africas future (pp. 1-25). Washington, D.C. CQ Press.South Africa. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2898.htmpolitical

The Nature of Humanity in the Work of Sherwood Anderson Essay -- Human

The Nature of Humanity in the Work of Sherwood AndersonA common staple of horror storiesin film and on the scalawagis the scene of the frightened and indignant villagers chasing the monster who has been terrorizing the townsfolk. In Sherwood Andersons Hands, the protagonist, Adolph Myers (Wing Biddlebaum) is a well-intentioned individual whose actions the people around him contort so that he becomes more(prenominal) fiend than friend. In Wing Biddlebaum, the very aspects of his character that make him human are those that society distorts to make him into a maladapted monster first, the mystery that surrounds him causes the townspeople to misconstrue him second, because of the accusations of his pedophilic homosexuality stemming from this misunderstanding, they demonized him into a pariah and, third, the guilt that the mob forces him to feel ultimately confines him to his own prison of anguish. Approaching the story from this perspective demonstrates that Wings destiny is al cl osely beyond his control, a destiny significantly manufactured by his societys judgments. Wing is an extremely intricate person however, most of the people among whom he lived in Pennsylvania before his current residence in Ohio failed to recognize this, as do his fellow citizens in the town of Winesburg. Anderson describes him as one of those rare, little-understood men who rule by a power so gentle that it passes as a lovable weakness (13). Just as his preceding(prenominal) neighbors were unable to understand Wing fully, so are those among whom he currently lives the depth and complexity of his suffering baffles them (Elledge 11). The very profundity of Wings military post explains why he for twenty years had been the town mystery, although osten... ...While he is obviously no monster, ironically, his weakness and frailty as a limited mortal hold out his fall from grace, making a rise from such a fall seem insurmountable, tragically preserving the inaccurate image of his soul as that of a specified depraved, malevolent, and corrupting offense to human decency.Works CitedAnderson, Sherwood. Hands. Winesburg, Ohio. New York Bantam, 1995. 8-15.Brown, Lynda. Andersons Wing Biddlebaum and Freemans Louisa Ellis. Studies inShort Fiction 27.3 (1990) 413-414.Elledge, Jim. Dantes Lovers in Sherwood Andersons Hands. Studies in ShortFiction 21.1 (1984) 11-15.Morgan, Gwendolyn. Andersons Hands. The Explicator 48.1 (1989) 46-47.Updike, John. Twisted Apples On Winesburg, Ohio. The American Short Story andIts Writer. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston Bedford, 2000. 1464-1468.